In this work we focus on the time explanatory, without specifying the other, because the main discussion is focused on the prioritisation and analysis of problems of health with a view from equity, as we consider that for the design of any plan of action, the selection and study of the problem are fundamental, otherwise you may not obtain the expected results, or to-be-built responses, that reproduce the iniquity.Another approach used for problem selection and analysis is ASIS.

In 1992, PAHO proposed the use of the term ASIS11, as one of the processes that make up the health surveillance pública1, through which it is characterized, measured, and explains the profile of health-disease in a population, including damage and health problems, as well as its determinants, be they competition in the health sector or other sectors.

In the health-disease processes of a population

ASIS also facilitates the identification of health needs and priorities, such as the identification of appropriate interventions and programmes and the assessment of their impact11.For PAHO, among the main purposes of ASIS are: definition of health needs, priorities and policies and assessment of their relevance; formulation of strategies to promote, prevent and control harm to health and assessment of their relevance and compliance; and construction of prospective scenarios in health11.

ASIS can be classified according to the analysis performed on: trend ASIS: their purpose is to identify and determine the conditions of changes in the health-disease processes of a population, usually of medium and long term; and short-term ASIS: respond to a short-term context and defined situations that allow courses of action to be guided depending on the conditions of feasibility and feasibility of the existing political conjuncture.

The ASIS can also be classified according to the criterion of the information used, in: – institutional ASIS: they allow to know the characterization of communities by life cycles, through the information acquired in the institutions providing health services, such as, for example, the behavior of birth and mortality. Actions and interventions based on this type of ASIS should make it possible to modify in some way the reality found, as well as to contribute to the operationalization of Health policies12.- Community ASIS: the problems are organised and prioritised from the perspective of local community actors.

It allows to know the health situation of the population, and the determinants involved in its production, using information from the communities, such as, for example, the problems prioritized through the health committees. The importance of this type of ASIS lies in the mediation between health needs and their recognition as a problem by the community.- Comprehensive ASIS: consider the two above dimensions, where what some authors call “meeting of knowledge” is given, 17-22 because it combines the information available in health institutions with the participation of key community actors and the information they possess.

The process of analysis of the problems

In other words, ASIS is the approach to a health problem taking into account all the determinants involved in its production, whether or not the health sector competes, as well as the views of the social actors who observe the problem. According to Castellano, ASIS allows the construction of health scenarios of a population and its possible trends from the perspective of decisions on public health interventions, recognizing the uncertainty and complexity of the situation studied.

• It should be noted, that although the ASIS is intimately linked to the processes of the PES and of political decision-making at different levels2, in practice they are not necessarily applied in a comprehensive way and are sometimes seen as fragmented or disconnected approaches that respond to different interests, the ASIS as a tool of Epidemiology and the PES as part of management, when in their essence they are part of the same process, and used in a conjugated way allow a more equitable look at the health situation of the populations2,24.
• Instrument identification and representation of needs socialesEl Ministry of Popular Power for Health of Venezuela (MPPS), to develop the Instrument of Identification and Representation of Social Needs in the year 2002 linked explicitly some of the strategies proposed by the ASIS at the time explanatory of the PES, to be two approaches to potentiate to identify and prioritize problems.

The objectives of the instrument according to the MPPS are: to identify inequalities in social territories as relevant spaces for intervention; to address the supply of health services, taking into account the demand-needs felt by the population through the process of analysis of the problems; facilitate the search for solutions that have an impact on the problems prioritized, through the identification of its determinants, according to the results of the Flowchart Situational; to achieve a better redistribution of power and wealth, through the implementation of projects promoting the development of autonomy.

Subsequently, through quantitative techniques

The process of representing social needs begins with the identification of a topic of study to problematize the situation, within the framework of the rights enshrined in the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Based on this guiding principle, the situational flowchart (proposed by Matus7) is constructed where the multifactor nature immersed in the genesis of each of the main descriptors of the selected problems is represented. Subsequently, through quantitative techniques (Cross-impact Matrix and Cartesian plane), the key causes or critical nodes for the intervention are selected.

In the representation of reality there is space for the participation of organized community groups (local planning councils, health committees, communal councils), as well as representatives of other sectors that manage critical resources (education, transport, environment). The inclusion of communities in the planning and decision-making process is essential in the instrument. In order to systematize the participation of the different actors in the process of problematization, qualitative techniques are used to analyze the perception of the social and health situation of those groups. For example, brainstorming, focus groups, working meetings with focus groups, among others.